roughly GuLoader: a extremely efficient and versatile malware that may evade detection
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This weblog was co-written with Arjun Patel.
GuLoader is a malware downloader that’s primarily used to distribute different malware and shellcodes, comparable to ransomware and banking trojans. It was first found within the wild in late 2019 and has since grow to be a well-liked alternative amongst cybercriminals attributable to its effectiveness and ease of use. Researchers from cybersecurity agency CrowdStrike have lately revealed a technical writing detailing the assorted strategies utilized by GuLoader to keep away from detection.
Certainly one of GuLoader’s key options is its potential to evade detection from conventional safety options. It makes use of varied strategies to keep away from detection, together with packaging and encryption, in addition to utilizing reliable web sites and providers comparable to command and management (C2) servers. It additionally employs superior anti-debugging and anti-analysis strategies, making it harder for safety researchers to reverse engineer and analyze your code.
GuLoader is normally unfold by way of phishing campaigns, the place victims are tricked into downloading and putting in malware by way of emails or hyperlinks that include a Visible Fundamental script file. It may also be distributed by means of different means, comparable to drive-by downloads, the place malware is delivered to a sufferer’s pc by way of an online browser with out the sufferer’s information.
GuLoader makes use of a three-stage course of to ship the ultimate payload to the contaminated host. Throughout the first stage, the VBScript dropper file is downloaded to a registry key as a persistence mechanism and delivers a payload for the subsequent stage. The second stage payload performs anti-parsing checks earlier than injecting shellcode into reminiscence.
If these checks are profitable, the shellcode downloads the ultimate payload from a distant server and executes it on the compromised host. The shellcode incorporates a number of anti-parsing and anti-debugging measures, together with checking for the presence of a distant debugger and breakpoints, scanning for virtualization software program, and utilizing a “redundant code injection mechanism” to forestall NTDLL.dll hooks applied by endpoint detection and response (EDR) options
* encrypted ultimate payload
API binding NTDLL.dll is a way utilized by antimalware engines to detect and flag suspicious processes in Home windows by monitoring APIs identified to be abused by menace actors. The tactic includes utilizing meeting statements to invoke the Home windows API operate wanted to allocate reminiscence and inject arbitrary shellcode at that location by way of course of flushing. GuLoader’s “redundant code injection mechanism” is designed to keep away from these NTDLL.dll hooks, making it troublesome for EDR options to detect and mark malware.
One of many methods GuLoader evades detection is through the use of reliable web sites and providers, comparable to C2 servers. Which means that it makes use of web sites that aren’t identified to be malicious as a method of communication with its command and management (C2) middle. This may make it troublesome for safety researchers to establish C2 servers being utilized by malware, as they’re sometimes not marked as malicious.
Along with its superior evasion strategies, GuLoader can be extremely customizable, permitting cybercriminals to tailor the malware to their particular wants. This consists of the flexibility to alter the looks of the malware, in addition to its conduct and performance.
As well as, GuLoader has additionally been noticed to make use of the RATDispenser JavaScript malware pressure to drop the malware by way of a Base64-encoded VBScript dropper. This permits malware to bypass safety measures and achieve entry to contaminated methods.
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GuLoader: a highly effective and versatile malware that can evade detection
